Progress Made Under PMKVY

Under the Government of India’s flagship Skill India Mission (SIM), the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) continues to deliver skill, re-skill, and up-skill training across the country. These initiatives cater to a wide demographic, ensuring that individuals from all walks of life, including those in Maharashtra, are equipped with industry-relevant, future-ready skills.

Comprehensive Training Ecosystem

MSDE operates through a robust network of skill development centres under several major schemes:

• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
• Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS)
• National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS)
• Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS) through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)

As of 30th June 2025, cumulative figures under these schemes are impressive:

Training centres operate on a demand-driven basis. Currently, across India, there are:

• 12,838 PMKVY centres (Short-Term Training + Special Projects)
• 289 JSS centres
• 51,895 NAPS-registered establishments
• 14,615 ITIs under CTS

Skill Coverage and Emerging Trades

Skill training under MSDE covers a wide range of sectors—from traditional industries to new-age technologies. The schemes offer the following number of trades/job roles:

• PMKVY: 750+ job roles
• JSS: 51 job roles
• NAPS: 266 designated and 750+ optional trades
• CTS (ITIs): 169 trades

Training is increasingly focused on future skills aligned with Industry 4.0, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Mechatronics, Robotics, Cybersecurity, and Drone Technology.

Steps to Align with Industry Needs

To ensure employability and relevance, MSDE has taken several strategic initiatives:

1. Establishment of NCVET:
   The National Council for Vocational Education and Training regulates and maintains standards in the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) ecosystem.
2. Industry-Oriented Qualification Design:
   NCVET-recognized awarding bodies develop qualifications mapped with National Classification of Occupations (NCO) and validated by industries.
3. Sector Skill Councils (SSCs):
   36 SSCs, led by industry leaders, determine the skill development needs and set competency standards.
4. Flexi MoUs and Dual System of Training (DST):
   Implemented under DGT, these provide practical training to ITI students within industrial environments.
5. Future Skills under PMKVY and CTS:
   Job roles are aligned with new-age technologies such as 5G networks, AI, cybersecurity, and drones.
6. Corporate Partnerships:
   MoUs with companies like IBM, CISCO, AWS, and Microsoft help institutes gain access to modern technologies and training resources under CSR initiatives.
7. Indian Institutes of Skills (IIS):
   Established in Ahmedabad and Mumbai under PPP mode to offer advanced industry-focused training.
8. Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH):
   A unified digital platform integrating skilling, education, employment, and entrepreneurship services. SIDH facilitates access to jobs, apprenticeships, and candidate-employer linkages.
9. Rozgar Melas and PM National Apprenticeship Melas (PMNAMs):
   Organized to boost placement and apprenticeship opportunities for certified youth.

Monitoring and Evaluation

MSDE ensures transparency, accountability, and quality through comprehensive monitoring and evaluation systems:

PMKVY Monitoring

• Aadhaar-Based Enrolment:
  To avoid duplication and ensure genuine participation.
• Biometric Attendance:
  Linked to training centre payments for better compliance.
• Multi-layered Monitoring:
  Includes call validation, surprise visits, virtual verification via mobile app with geotagged photos, and outcome-based payment.
• Penalty Provisions:
  Financial penalties or suspension for non-compliance or unethical practices.

NAPS Monitoring

• National and State Committees:
  National Steering Committee (NSC), Scheme Monitoring and Review Committee (SMRC), and State Implementation Review Committees (SIRC) oversee implementation.
• Apprenticeship Portal:
  Acts as the central platform for monitoring apprentices and establishments.

JSS Monitoring

• SIDH Portal:
  Used for tracking progress and outcomes.
• Board of Management (BoM):
  Each JSS has a 16-member BoM that regularly inspects and reviews training programs.

ITIs Monitoring

• State-Level Oversight:
  State Directorates manage daily operations.
• Data-Driven Grading by DGT:
  Performance metrics include enrolment, certification, and placement rates.

Measurable Impact and Independent Evaluations

MSDE’s schemes have shown significant positive impact:

• PMKVY:
  According to a 2020 NITI Aayog study, 94% of employers expressed willingness to hire PMKVY-trained candidates. 52% of placed candidates reported higher earnings.
• JSS:
  A 2020 evaluation found that employment/self-employment post-training nearly doubled household incomes. Over 77% of trainees experienced occupational shifts, showcasing the scheme’s success in promoting self-employment.
• NAPS:
  A 2021 evaluation highlighted enhanced youth employability through structured on-the-job training. The scheme now uses Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to deposit stipends directly to apprentices’ accounts.
• ITIs:
  A 2018 tracer study showed that 63.5% of ITI graduates gained employment, with 6.7% being self-employed.